In the research, squares were cut from 100 per cent cotton T-shirts and soaked in a solution of boron powder and a nickel-based catalyst, before being heated to around 1100ºC for four hours under a flow of argon [to prevent the material from] burning. 'Cotton fibres have lots of small pores which can be used to trap the powder,' [lead researcher Xiaodong] Li explains. 'During the process the cotton fibres change to carbon fibres - which react with the boron powder, producing [boron carbide].'
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